![]() it is produced with the vocal folds vibrating, as in the words zoo, zee and zebra. The only difference is that ‘z’ is voiced, i.e. It is also made with the tongue tip nearly contacting the alveolar ridge, and with the air exiting in a continuous stream through the mouth. Now, the sound ‘z’ is the counterpart speech sound to ‘s’. The sound ‘s’ is known as a voiceless alveolar fricative. it is produced without vibration of the vocal folds. This produces friction which we hear as the hissing of the sound ‘s’, as in the words sun, so and see. As the air stream from the lungs exits through the mouth, it passes over the blade of the tongue forcing its way through the gap between the tongue tip and the gum ridge. To clarify: the sound ‘s’ is articulated with the tongue tip nearly contacting the gum ridge (alveolar ridge) just behind the upper incisors. vibrating the vocal folds (vocal cords) to produce so-called voiced speech sounds such as vowels and voiced consonants (e.g. The higher the figure the greater the possibility that the person is experiencing difficulty with phonation, i.e. ![]() It is a fairly simple procedure which measures the length of time a person can sustain the sound ‘s’, the length of time they can sustain the sound ‘z’, and then divides the two figures to obtain a numerical ratio. The use of the S/Z Ratio as an indicator of laryngeal pathology was first proposed by Eckel and Boone in 1981. Categories: Voice The S/Z Ratio as an indicator of laryngeal pathology ![]()
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